International Council of Museums
National Committee of Azerbaijan

“Shirvanshahs' Palace Complex” State Historic-Architectural reserve museum

Shirvanshahs' Palace, which belonged to the rulers of Shirvanshahs’ State in VI-XVI centuries, the masterpiece of XV century’s architecture is the only palace, embracing glory of medieval culture, science, art and all other moral beauties. The palace complex comprises 52-room Dwelling house, Divankhana, Seyid Yahya Bakuvi Tomb, ruins of Key Gubad Mosque, the Eastern Portal, the Palace Mosque, Shirvanshahs’ family tomb and the Palace bath.

The number of rooms on the first floor of two-storey royal residential building was 27. Stationary serving in the palace library, calligraph and artists’ rooms, kitchen, foodstuff rooms, service rooms, etc. located here. In the past, throne room, a rich library, rooms for the rest of Shirvanshah and his family existed on the second floor having 25 rooms. Shirvan was ever the center of attention and fertile lands caused foreign conflicts. Unfortunately, over the centuries, the palace passed from hand to hand; property was robbed and transported to other countries in different ways; real property was violently ruined. Travellers’ data, as well as lecal-shape glazed tiles found in the palace confirmed that the palace had decorated blue cupolas from exterior. It is clearly seen from Divan of Badr Shirvani that, main dome of the palace, unlike the others was covered with a golden layer. Blue-gold color, network-patterned tiles trimmed very gracefully on the surface of the dome, were sparkling under the sun rays like the stars of the sky. All palace structures were built from limestone-local Badamdar stone. Weight fortification clinched the stones and masonry being balanced and orderly at all times evoke astonishment. Today, by using digital technology installed in expositions inside the rooms of the palace, glazed tile decorations of the dome of the royal palace destroyed centuries ago, the king's throne, animated medieval miniature and others are displayed and everyday life of the palace people and maids are reflected in the palace.

Divankhana ( XV century) is the classical piece of Shirvanshahs’ Palace.The delicate stone carving arabesques of the monument have been admiring the visitors for centuries. The relief depth of the patterns reachs to 4-5 centimetres in some places. There are holy words of the muslims inside the  hexagonal medallions on the right and left side of the portal written in Middle Ages arabic “Kufic” script and they create rhombs. The incomplete construction of Divankhana due to the political events of that period is still debatable.

Seyid Yahya Bakuvi tomb ( XV century) is located in the middle courtyard of Palace complex. The octagon shaped tomb is also known as “Dervish tomb” among people. Presumably this is the tomb of a well- known scientist Seyid Yahya Bakuvi who was born in Shirvan region of Azerbaijan. This world-famous scientist was a theologian of encyclopedic knowledge as well as a well-known sufi. His scientific works on philosophy, history, astronomy, medicine and mathematics mainly written in arabic language decorate the world’s libraries and museums now.

There are fragments of conserved Key Gubad Mosque (XIV century) in the middle yard of the palace. The monument was destroyed by cannonballs shot by armenian dashnaks during the genocide of azerbaijanis on the 31st March 1918. Probably, the mosque was built by Shirvanshah Keygubad I who lived in the XIV century.

Sultan Murad’s gate (1585-1586) is the only monument of a Palace dating back to XVI century. This monument is the only sample of a Turkish period in Baku after the collapse of Shirvanshah state. The name of an architect was engraved on portal panel: “Great master Amirshah Valiankuhi’s gate”.

The inscription engraved on the entrance of Shirvanshahs’s Family Tomb (1435-1436) says that this tomb has been built by great sultan Shirvanshah Khalilullah for his mother and his 6-7 year old son. The other family members of Shirvanshah’s were buried here afterwards. A tomb is completed by a cupola decorated with many pointed stars. The sunken parts of a cupola were decorated with turquoise glazed tiles in the past.

The height of a Shah Mosque’s (1441-1442) minaret is 16 meters. It had been inscribed that this minaret was built by Shirvanshah Khalilullah in the XV century. Unfortunately, the stone sherefe of a minaret was destroyed by the russian tsar fleets’ cannonballs. There are three entrances to the mosque and two separate prayer halls for women and men. In the opposite of  a main entrance there is a mehrab showing the direction of Mecca.

The hamam (1438) which belonged to Shah family was found during the archaelogical excavations in 1939. It was built like all oriental hamams, half of it under the ground, half over the ground, so it was warm in winter and cool in summer. The traces of very beautiful ornaments are still noticed on the walls. Some remnants of decorated glazed tiles have been left only in a room on the right corner.

It is functioning as an independent body of State Historical-Architectural Reserve “Icherisheher” under the Cabinet of Ministries of Republic of Azerbaijan.

It was included into UNESCO’s World Cultural Heritage Site in 2000 and got enforced defensive status by the same organization in  2013.

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